Urinary Tract Infection (UTI): Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is one of the most common bacterial infections affecting people of all ages, especially women. While it may seem minor, untreated UTIs can lead to serious complications such as kidney infections. At MITR Urology, we specialise in diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of urinary tract infections with advanced expertise and patient-focused care. In this guide, we’ll discuss causes, symptoms, and the most effective treatments.

Dr. Manish Dubey, best Urologist at MITR Hospital Navi Mumbai

1. Understanding Urinary Tract Infections

A UTI occurs when harmful bacteria, most often Escherichia coli (E. coli), enter the urinary tract and multiply. The urinary tract includes the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. Infections are most common in the bladder (cystitis) or urethra (urethritis).

2. Types of UTIs

Cystitis: Infection of the bladder
Urethritis: Infection of the urethra
Pyelonephritis: Kidney infection — a serious condition needing urgent care

3. Causes of UTI

Poor hygiene practices (wiping back to front)
Urinary retention (holding urine for too long)
Sexual activity
Use of certain birth control methods (diaphragms, spermicides)
Weakened immune system (e.g., diabetes)
Post-menopausal hormonal changes
Urinary tract abnormalities
Catheter use

4. Common Symptoms of UTI

Strong, persistent urge to urinate
Burning sensation while urinating
Passing small amounts of urine frequently
Cloudy, dark, or foul-smelling urine
Blood in the urine (haematuria)
Pelvic pain or discomfort (especially in women)
Lower abdominal pressure
Fever, chills, back pain (possible kidney infection)

5. Treatment of UTI

Antibiotic Therapy

Short-course antibiotics for mild bladder infections
Longer-course antibiotics for kidney infections or recurrent UTIs
Antibiotics chosen based on urine culture results

Pain Relief

Over-the-counter medications may help reduce burning and discomfort during treatment.

Increased Fluid Intake

Drinking plenty of water helps flush out bacteria.

Hospitalisation (Severe Cases)

If the infection spreads to the kidneys or bloodstream, intravenous antibiotics and fluids may be required.

6. Myths & Facts About UTIs

Myth: Only women get UTIs. Fact: Both men and women can develop them, though women are at higher risk.
Myth: UTIs clear up on their own. Fact: Untreated UTIs can progress to dangerous kidney infections.
Myth: Cranberry juice cures UTIs. Fact: It may help prevent, but not treat UTIs.

Conclusion:

UTIs are common but should never be ignored. With prompt treatment, most cases resolve quickly and complications are avoided. If you notice symptoms like burning urination, frequent urges, or cloudy urine, visit MITR Urology for expert evaluation and care.